Scoping review: What is the state of knowledge of biodiversity in the design, delivery and benefits of Nature-based Solutions?

Biodiversity can play multiple roles in nature-based solutions (NBS) by providing: supporting ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem or biological processes that underpin the provision of regulating, provisioning and cultural services (biodiversity support function); regulating ecosystem services (regulatory role of biodiversity); direct material or non-material contributions to people through cultural provisioning and services, respectively (material and non-material contributions of living nature to people). This analysis reveals the role of biodiversity in NBS projects aimed at protection and conservation, sustainable management, restoration and habitat creation and projects that combine management, protection, and habitat creation actions and restorations.